{"id":8050,"date":"2023-08-30T16:30:10","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T14:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8050"},"modified":"2023-08-30T16:30:10","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T14:30:10","slug":"prezradit-tak-akurat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8050","title":{"rendered":"Prezradi\u0165 tak akur\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_8049\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anime-2936310_640.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8049\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anime-2936310_640-300x248.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anime-2936310_640-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anime-2936310_640.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/yoshismom-6697213\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=2936310\">Jennifer R.<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=2936310\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K tomuto zamysleniu ma prim\u00e4la \u010fal\u0161ia pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 v\u00e1rka poviedok od za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00facich autorov, v ktor\u00fdch som na\u0161la dve tv\u00e1re tej istej chyby: zl\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s inform\u00e1ciami. Talentovan\u00ed (alebo mo\u017eno vycvi\u010den\u00ed \u010di ve\u013emi s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed) autori tak\u00fdto \u010dl\u00e1nok nepotrebuj\u00fa a pre t\u00fdch zvy\u0161n\u00fdch neviem, \u010di to dok\u00e1\u017eem vysvetli\u0165 tak, aby som ich posunula. No pok\u00fasim sa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V stru\u010dnosti ide o to, \u017ee <strong>mus\u00edte presne vedie\u0165, \u010do nap\u00edsa\u0165 pre to, aby si \u010ditate\u013e vedel opisovan\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu spr\u00e1vne predstavi\u0165 \u2013 ale nesmiete nap\u00edsa\u0165 ani o chlp viac<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Najjednoduch\u0161ie je doslovne nap\u00edsa\u0165 v\u0161etko, \u010do postavy za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, vidia, po\u010duj\u00fa a c\u00edtia. Tak\u00fdto \u0161t\u00fdl je v\u0161ak neumeleck\u00fd. Ja mu hovor\u00edm slohovka. Dokonca ani dobr\u00fd pr\u00edbeh (u m\u0148a) nevykryje to, \u017ee je nap\u00edsan\u00fd bez kvap\u00f4\u010dky citu pre umenie. A ako teda vyzer\u00e1 to umenie? Nevylo\u017ei\u0165 karty \u010ditate\u013eovi na st\u00f4l, ale nazna\u010dova\u0165, na\u0165uk\u00e1va\u0165. Za vrcholn\u00e9 diela literat\u00fary pova\u017eujem tie, z ktor\u00fdch silno s\u00e1la nejak\u00e1 em\u00f3cia \u010di inform\u00e1cia bez toho, aby ju autor \u010do i len jedin\u00fd raz pomenoval priamo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Niektor\u00ed autori v tom id\u00fa e\u0161te \u010falej. K\u00fdm ja po\u017eadujem s\u00edce n\u00e1znaky, ale zrete\u013en\u00e9, jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, s\u00fa aj tak\u00ed, pre ktor\u00fdch je umenie pln\u00e9 skrytej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1znakov, ktor\u00e9 len tak niekto nedek\u00f3duje. V niektor\u00fdch okruhoch sa pr\u00e1ve toto pova\u017euje za najvy\u0161\u0161ie liter\u00e1rne umenie. Zosta\u0148me v\u0161ak rad\u0161ej pri t\u00fdch zrete\u013en\u00fdch a jednozna\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1znakoch. Nie preto, \u017ee ich ob\u013eubujem ja, ale preto, \u017ee tak\u00fdto \u0161t\u00fdl p\u00edsania ob\u013eubuje mainstream. Hoci na m\u00f4j \u00fadiv sa n\u00e1jde nem\u00e1lo tak\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed chv\u00e1lia aj slohovky. Na druhej strane v\u0161ak slohovky a \u201eskratkovky\u201c, \u010do je len hol\u00e1 kostra pr\u00edbehu, dok\u00e1\u017eu ve\u013emi \u010dasto zabi\u0165 aj dobr\u00fd pr\u00edbeh. Stalo sa v\u00e1m, \u017ee rozpr\u00e1vate niekomu dej kni\u017eky, z ktorej ste nad\u0161en\u00fd, a on povie, \u017ee je to poriadna hl\u00fapos\u0165? Mo\u017eno je to zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee by sa mu t\u00e1 kniha po pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed skuto\u010dne nep\u00e1\u010dila, ale spravidla to tak nie je \u2013 je to t\u00fdm, \u017ee ste pr\u00edbeh podali inak ako autor. Doslovne. A preto hor\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Autor mus\u00ed chodi\u0165 okolo toho, \u010do chce poveda\u0165, ako okolo hor\u00facej ka\u0161e. Len krat\u0161ie. Predstavte si slohovku ako cesti\u010dku a umeleck\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl ako ch\u00f4dzu ved\u013ea nej raz z\u013eava, raz sprava, raz sa p\u00e1r krokov vzdialite, raz \u2013 ale nie ve\u013emi \u010dasto \u2013 vst\u00fapite aj na \u0148u. A to takzvan\u00e9 \u201evysok\u00e9 umenie\u201c je chodenie horami dolami, ke\u010f cesti\u010dku nem\u00e1te ani len na doh\u013ead.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metafory a prirovnania, ak\u00e9 som pou\u017eila v predo\u0161lom odseku, patria k tomuto stredne umeleck\u00e9mu \u0161t\u00fdlu. Ale ak nezabrali, sk\u00fasim by\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnej\u0161ia. Ostatne, n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00e1 literat\u00fara by mala by\u0165 p\u00edsan\u00e1 svojou obdobou slohovky, aby sa \u010ditate\u013eovi nenechala \u017eiadna mo\u017enos\u0165 nie\u010do zle pochopi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Emo\u010dn\u00e9 pre\u017e\u00edvanie postavy sa d\u00e1 nap\u00edsa\u0165 napr\u00edklad opismi v\u00fdrazu jej tv\u00e1re a fyziologick\u00fdmi reakciami, ktor\u00e9 c\u00edti len ona. Sk\u00faste napr\u00edklad uh\u00e1dnu\u0165, \u010do c\u00edti postava, ktorej<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">b\u00fa\u0161i srdce a potia sa dlane<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010drty tv\u00e1re sa uvo\u013enia a \u00fasta sa roz\u0165ahuj\u00fa do \u00fasmevu<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">zreni\u010dky sa roz\u0161\u00edria a \u00faplne zdrevenie<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010derven\u00e1 sa a c\u00edti mot\u00fdliky v bruchu<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">zmra\u0161t\u00ed tv\u00e1r do grimasy, zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch s\u00edl potl\u00e1\u010da \u00fapenie a slzy<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">poh\u013ead otupieva, zatv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa jej o\u010di, z\u00edva<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">h\u013ead\u00ed do zeme, zajak\u00e1va sa, nevie, \u010do s rukami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u013dahk\u00e9, v\u0161ak? A pre va\u0161ich \u010ditate\u013eov tie\u017e. Nie \u00faplne v\u017edy, ale v\u00fdnimky s\u00fa vo v\u0161etkom. A navy\u0161e s\u00fa tak\u00e9to vyjadrenia, napodiv, \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie, ako keby sme len z mosta doprosta nap\u00edsali, \u017ee c\u00edti nervozitu, rados\u0165, strach, zamilovanos\u0165, boles\u0165, \u00fanavu, rozpaky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Takisto je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou jasn\u00e9, ak\u00e9 pocity v postave vzbud\u00ed nejak\u00fd vonkaj\u0161\u00ed faktor. Pravda, sme r\u00f4zni \u013eudia, niektor\u00fdch napr\u00edklad pobyt vo ve\u013ekomeste ub\u00edja, in\u00fdch vzpru\u017e\u00ed. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch je opis jej em\u00f3cie z mosta doprosta ove\u013ea prijate\u013enej\u0161\u00ed. Tak \u010di onak je ale fajn, ak sa trochu zaona\u010d\u00ed. Ale tak\u00e9 trhanie zuba? Tam sotva n\u00e1jdeme niekoho, komu by sa to p\u00e1\u010dilo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A teraz prv\u00fd druh chyby. V poviedke bola postava, ktor\u00fa niekto \u0161krt\u00ed. Met\u00e1 sa, z\u00fafalo bojuje. A do toho autor zabil vetu: \u201eBolo to ve\u013emi nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pre\u010do to tam len musel da\u0165? Bez toho by nikomu nenapadlo, \u017ee \u0161krtenie by mohlo by\u0165 nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9, v\u0161ak? T\u00e1 veta je tam navy\u0161e a k tomu aj zab\u00edja dojem z t\u00fdch predo\u0161l\u00fdch. \u00c1no, to hovor\u00edm dokonca aj ja, ktor\u00e1 len m\u00e1lo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed pova\u017euje v texte sa nediskutovate\u013ene \u0161kodliv\u00fdch. Toto je v\u0161ak je jedna z nich.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ale tento nedostatok spom\u00ednam iba pre ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edpad. Preto\u017ee, \u010dudujsasvete, ve\u013ea za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00facich autorov t\u00fato chybu nerob\u00ed. Ja som ju zrejme robila, ale patrila som medzi vz\u00e1cne v\u00fdnimky. Ove\u013ea \u010dastej\u0161ie v\u0161ak nar\u00e1\u017eam nielen medzi za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00facimi, ale aj medzi vyd\u00e1van\u00fdmi autormi na opa\u010dn\u00fd extr\u00e9m: autor ani metaforicky nekon\u0161tatuje nie\u010do, \u010do treba. \u010co \u010ditate\u013e o\u010dak\u00e1va, ale nie je to stopercentne ist\u00e9, k\u00fdm mu to autor nepotvrd\u00ed. A ak mu to nepotvrd\u00ed, a nebodaj sa mu to st\u00e1va opakovane, \u010ditate\u013e nadobudne pocit, \u017ee<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">bu\u010f je postava, ktorej sa to deje, ve\u013emi divn\u00e1 = nevie sa s \u0148ou stoto\u017eni\u0165 = <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=1684\">nem\u00e1 ju r\u00e1d<\/a> (a to je zl\u00e9, pokia\u013e m\u00e1 \u00eds\u0165 o kla\u010fasa)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">alebo je autor sveta neznal\u00fd a nevie, \u010do m\u00e1 jeho hrdina v danej situ\u00e1cii pre\u017e\u00edva\u0165. A to je tie\u017e ve\u013emi zl\u00e9, preto\u017ee ako n\u00e1s tak\u00fd autor m\u00f4\u017ee obohati\u0165? Ako m\u00f4\u017eeme jeho textu veri\u0165?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00edklad? Postava sa vynor\u00ed z kvapaliny. Vyvr\u00e1ti vodu z p\u013e\u00fac a \u017eal\u00fadka. Nie je v\u0161ak ani najmenej nazna\u010den\u00e9, \u017ee by jej tieto veci boli nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 a \u017ee jej telo sa chv\u00ed\u013eu mus\u00ed spam\u00e4t\u00e1va\u0165 z toho, \u017ee prv\u00fd raz v \u017eivote d\u00fdcha. Divn\u00e9, nestoto\u017enite\u013en\u00e9, neuverite\u013en\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pozor, autor m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 z\u00e1mer, \u017ee postava vn\u00fatri pre\u017e\u00edva nie\u010do \u00faplne in\u00e9, ne\u017e by pre\u017e\u00edvala drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed. Mo\u017eno dokonca aj nie\u010do \u00faplne in\u00e9, ne\u017e d\u00e1va najavo. V pr\u00edpade predo\u0161l\u00e9ho pr\u00edkladu to napr\u00edklad mohla by\u0165 bytos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 v\u00f4bec nec\u00edti boles\u0165, alebo je adaptovan\u00e1 na oboj\u017eivelnos\u0165 (v skuto\u010dnosti nebola). V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch v\u0161ak treba jej nik\u00fdm neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 pocity kon\u0161tatova\u0165. No znova, ak sa d\u00e1, aspo\u0148 tro\u0161i\u010dku zaona\u010dene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taktie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eeme ma\u0165 postavy, ktor\u00e9 sa vymykaj\u00fa priemeru. Nemusia to by\u0165 \u017eiadne \u010darovn\u00e9 bytosti, s\u00fa skr\u00e1tka in\u00e9. Ale okrem jasn\u00fdch zn\u00e1mok toho, \u017ee postava je in\u00e1, je dobr\u00e9 tie\u017e uk\u00e1za\u0165 \u010ditate\u013eovi, \u017ee vieme, ako ten priemer vyzer\u00e1 a \u017ee odli\u0161nos\u0165 danej postavy nevypl\u00fdva z na\u0161ej neznalosti priemeru. Toto opatrenie je vec, ktor\u00fa dokonca aj mnoh\u00ed zn\u00e1mi autori opom\u00ednaj\u00fa. Mo\u017eno to nepova\u017euj\u00fa za potrebn\u00e9, mo\u017eno sa nazd\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd vie, ako vyzer\u00e1 \u0161tandard a nikto ich h\u00e1dam z neznalosti podozrieva\u0165 nebude! Ale bude. Ani nie tak z \u00faplnej neznalosti, ako sk\u00f4r zo zatv\u00e1rania o\u010d\u00ed pred priemerom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ako t\u00fdmto chyb\u00e1m pred\u00eds\u0165? Testovac\u00ed \u010ditatelia s\u00fa v\u017edy dobrou vo\u013ebou, ale e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e im n\u00e1\u0161 rukopis d\u00e1me, by sme sa na\u0148 mali sebakriticky pozrie\u0165 sami. A kl\u00e1s\u0165 si nasleduj\u00face ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Predstav\u00ed si priemern\u00fd \u010dlovek pri pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed tejto fr\u00e1zy to ist\u00e9, \u010do ja?<\/li>\n<li>Domysl\u00ed si t\u00fato inform\u00e1ciu priemern\u00fd \u010dlovek?<\/li>\n<li>Nepochop\u00ed n\u00e1hodou priemern\u00fd \u010dlovek t\u00fato inform\u00e1ciu aj bez t\u00fdchto slov?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ve\u013ea \u0161\u0165astia a m\u00e1lo nejasnost\u00ed v \u010fal\u0161om p\u00edsan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Mohlo by v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma\u0165<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=7229\">Ko\u013eko rozmerov m\u00e1 (ma\u0165) liter\u00e1rna postava?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=6739\">Kniha nie je film 3\/3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=5569\">Sedem neuverite\u013en\u00fdch kli\u0161\u00e9 post\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 rad\u0161ej nep\u00ed\u0161te<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=3663\">Sympatick\u00fd hrdina<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=2499\">V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou lopatou<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K tomuto zamysleniu ma prim\u00e4la \u010fal\u0161ia pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 v\u00e1rka poviedok od za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00facich autorov, v ktor\u00fdch som na\u0161la dve tv\u00e1re tej istej chyby: zl\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s inform\u00e1ciami. Talentovan\u00ed (alebo mo\u017eno vycvi\u010den\u00ed \u010di ve\u013emi s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed) autori tak\u00fdto \u010dl\u00e1nok nepotrebuj\u00fa a pre t\u00fdch zvy\u0161n\u00fdch neviem, \u010di to dok\u00e1\u017eem vysvetli\u0165 tak, aby som ich posunula. No pok\u00fasim sa. V stru\u010dnosti<span class=\"more-excerpt\"><a class=\"more-excerpt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8050\"> (pokra&#269;ova&#357; v &#269;&iacute;tan&iacute;&#8230;)  <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":64,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8050"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8054,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8050\/revisions\/8054"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}