﻿{"id":8764,"date":"2024-09-23T22:14:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T20:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8764"},"modified":"2024-09-23T22:14:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T20:14:18","slug":"artemis-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8764","title":{"rendered":"Artemis 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_8760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Preflight_KSC-20220822-PH-JBS01_0036.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8760\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Preflight_KSC-20220822-PH-JBS01_0036-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Preflight_KSC-20220822-PH-JBS01_0036-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Preflight_KSC-20220822-PH-JBS01_0036-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Preflight_KSC-20220822-PH-JBS01_0036.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Svitanie nad rampu 39B s raketou SLS 22. augusta 2022. Vidite\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fa aj kon\u0161trukcie bleskozvodov. Zdroj: NASA\/Ben Smegelsky<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Artemis 1<\/strong>\u00a0 bol bezpilotn\u00fd sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd let <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=2711\">kozmickej lode<\/a> Orion k <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=5215\">Mesiacu<\/a>. I\u0161lo o \u0161tart novej, zatia\u013e v kozme neodsk\u00fa\u0161anej rakety SLS, najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ej nosnej rakety s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Bola to prv\u00e1 misia kozmick\u00e9ho programu Artemis, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je tentoraz u\u017e dlhodobej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrat \u013eud\u00ed na Mesiac. Prebehla \u00faspe\u0161ne a otvorila tak cestu k pilotovan\u00fdm letom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hoci misia bola prezentovan\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako po\u010din americkej agent\u00fary NASA, na rozdiel od programu Apollo m\u00e1 v nej nezastupite\u013en\u00fa \u00falohu aj eur\u00f3pska kozmick\u00e1 agent\u00fara ESA. T\u00e1 toti\u017e vyr\u00e1ba servisn\u00e9 moduly Orionu.<\/p>\n<h2>Pokusy o \u0161tart<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">29. augusta 2022 v skor\u00fdch odpolud\u0148aj\u0161\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch verejnos\u0165 nap\u00e4to vy\u010dk\u00e1vala pri obrazovk\u00e1ch na prv\u00fd \u0161tart <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=7334\">superrakety SLS<\/a>. T\u00e1 mala po dlh\u00fdch mesiacoch pr\u00edprav, troch v\u00fdvozoch na rampu a nasleduj\u00facich dvoch n\u00e1vratoch, kone\u010dne vzlietnu\u0165. Mnoh\u00ed to pova\u017eovali za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu kozmonautick\u00fa udalos\u0165 roka. Aj napriek ist\u00fdm komplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m sa podarilo naplni\u0165 n\u00e1dr\u017ee rakety palivom a okysli\u010dovadlom. Potom sa v\u0161ak za\u010dalo chladenie hlavn\u00fdch \u0161tartovac\u00edch motorov, ktor\u00e9 SLS zdedila po <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=468\">raketopl\u00e1noch<\/a>. A v tomto bode sa vyskytol kritick\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kv\u00f4li ktor\u00e9mu sa vzlet odvolal. Motor \u010d. 3 nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 predchladi\u0165. Ani po\u010dasie nevyhovovalo. \u0160tart sa odlo\u017eil predbe\u017ene na 2. septembra, v posledn\u00fd augustov\u00fd de\u0148 do\u0161lo k \u010fal\u0161iemu odkladu na 3. 9. 2022. Ani v tomto term\u00edne sa v\u0161ak raketa od rampy neodp\u00fatala.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nu ne\u0161iel u\u017e ani prv\u00fd n\u00e1cvik odpo\u010d\u00edtavania na jar 2022. Pre poruchu ventilu bola raketa SLS 15. 4. 2022 pred\u010dasne odvezen\u00e1 zo \u0161tartovacej rampy nasp\u00e4\u0165 do haly VAB. Tam sa zistilo, \u017ee v h\u00e9liovom ventile vrchn\u00e9ho stup\u0148a uviazol k\u00fasok gumov\u00e9ho tesnenia. Technici pripravili raketu na n\u00e1vrat na rampu a opakovanie sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9ho odpo\u010d\u00edtavania. Po asi \u0161iestich t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och str\u00e1ven\u00fdch v hale VAB zamierila SLS na rampu znova. V priebehu nasleduj\u00facich dvoch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov technici prep\u00e1jali raketu s mobilnou plo\u0161inou k\u00e1blami, rozvodmi servisn\u00fdch kvapal\u00edn a pohonn\u00fdch hm\u00f4t, testovali syst\u00e9my rakety aj kozmickej lode Orion a naplnili jednotky pomocn\u00fdch motorov SRB (tie\u017e zdeden\u00fdch po raketopl\u00e1noch) hydraz\u00ednom. 20. j\u00fana sa opakovan\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00edtavanie dostalo takmer a\u017e do konca s ove\u013ea \u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00edm priebehom ako v prvom pr\u00edpade. Po\u010das neho bola raketa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t \u00faplne natankovan\u00e1 pohonn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Napriek tomu sa objavil probl\u00e9m na zariaden\u00ed, cez ktor\u00e9 pr\u00fadi do n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed rakety palivo a ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00e1 postara\u0165 o r\u00fdchle rozpojenie pr\u00edvodn\u00e9ho potrubia v okamihu \u0161tartu rakety. Ke\u010f sa SLS znova vr\u00e1tila do haly VAB, in\u017einieri venovali dos\u0165 \u010dasu in\u0161pekcii a oprave tohto dielu. Ako sa v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, nesta\u010dilo to.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8761\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Prelaunch_NHQ202208260004.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8761\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Prelaunch_NHQ202208260004-300x222.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Prelaunch_NHQ202208260004-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Prelaunch_NHQ202208260004-768x568.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Prelaunch_NHQ202208260004.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vrchol rakety SLS s kozmickou lo\u010fou Orion a z\u00e1chrannou ve\u017ei\u010dkou, 26. august 2022. Zdroj: NASA\/Bill Ingalls<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21. j\u00fala 2022, pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010dia prist\u00e1tia prv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na Mesiaci NASA, ozn\u00e1mila term\u00edn \u0161tartu misie Artemis 1. Pokus mal prebehn\u00fa\u0165 29. augusta 2022. 16. augusta v neskor\u00fdch ve\u010dern\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch miestneho \u010dasu sa transport\u00e9r Crawler s raketou, jej vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acou plo\u0161inou a obslu\u017enou ve\u017eou, vydal na rampu znova. Cesta sa trochu oneskorila kv\u00f4li b\u00farkam. Raketa napokon spo\u010dinula na svojom mieste, na rampe 39-B obklopen\u00e1 \u0161tvoricou bleskozvodov. Tie pred \u0161tartom dostali nieko\u013eko z\u00e1sahov, ale \u0161tartovacej zostave sa ni\u010d nestalo. 22. augusta prebehlo zhodnotenie pripravenosti na let, ktor\u00e9 nena\u0161lo \u017eiadne prek\u00e1\u017eky br\u00e1niace \u0161tartu v ozn\u00e1menom term\u00edne. 27. augusta sa ofici\u00e1lne rozbehlo pred\u0161tartovn\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00edtavanie, ktor\u00e9 trv\u00e1, podobne ako kedysi u raketopl\u00e1nov, 43 hod\u00edn a je pl\u00e1novane preru\u0161ovan\u00e9. \u0160tartovacie okno pre let k Mesiacu bolo dvojhodinov\u00e9 a k vzletu malo d\u00f4js\u0165 hne\u010f na jeho za\u010diatku, o 14:33 LSE\u010c. Kr\u00e1tko po dvan\u00e1stej hodine n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu sa v\u0161ak objavili prv\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Za\u010dalo by\u0165 jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161tart na za\u010diatku pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho okna neprebehne a kr\u00e1tko po otvoren\u00ed \u0161tartovacieho okna NASA rozhodla, \u017ee v tento de\u0148 neprebehne v\u00f4bec. Experti analyzovali \u00fadaje a pred druh\u00fdm \u0161tartom sa rozhodli za\u010da\u0165 s chladen\u00edm motorov RS-25 sk\u00f4r, ke\u010f\u017ee i\u0161lo o kritick\u00fd bod pr\u00edprav na vzlet. Odpo\u010d\u00edtavanie sa ale nedostalo \u010falej ako v predo\u0161lom pr\u00edpade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010eal\u0161\u00ed pokus o \u0161tart sa konal 3. septembra. Predt\u00fdm dostali pracovn\u00edci riadiaceho t\u00edmu de\u0148 vo\u013ena, aby neboli pr\u00edli\u0161 unaven\u00ed. Aj tento pokus o \u0161tart v\u0161ak bol odvolan\u00fd vinou zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 hnevalo technikov u\u017e po\u010das sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9ho odpo\u010d\u00edtavania \u2013 spoja, ktor\u00fdm sa pre\u010derp\u00e1va vod\u00edk do rakety. Vod\u00edk cez tento spoj neust\u00e1le unikal. Namiesto \u0161tartu sme tak boli vo ve\u010dern\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch svedkami tla\u010dovej konferencie, pri ktorej sa v\u00e1\u017ene uva\u017eovalo, \u017ee kv\u00f4li tejto poruche sa bude musie\u0165 \u0161tartovacia zostava vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do haly VAB. Hoci pre SLS bolo v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch d\u0148och pripraven\u00fdch e\u0161te nieko\u013eko, i ke\u010f st\u00e1le sa skracuj\u00facich \u0161tartovac\u00edch okien, n\u00e1vrat do raketovej mont\u00e1\u017enej haly odklad\u00e1 \u0161tart na ove\u013ea vzdialenej\u0161\u00ed. Po nieko\u013ekod\u0148ovom zva\u017eovan\u00ed 7. septembra napokon NASA ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee sa pok\u00fasi o opravu priamo na rampe. Ak by v\u0161etko i\u0161lo hladko, najbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd term\u00edn \u0161tartu bol 19. septembra. Nesk\u00f4r sa najskor\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd term\u00edn presunul na 23. septembra a potom na 27. septembra.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8756\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Launch_NHQ202211160017.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8756\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Launch_NHQ202211160017-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Launch_NHQ202211160017-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Launch_NHQ202211160017-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Launch_NHQ202211160017-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Artemis_I_Launch_NHQ202211160017.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raketa SLS okamih po z\u00e1\u017eihu motorov. Zdroj: NASA\/Joel Kowsky<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. septembra NASA vymenila diel na rakete SLS, ktor\u00fd sa stal pr\u00ed\u010dinou odvolania druh\u00e9ho pokusu o premi\u00e9rov\u00fd \u0161tart rakety. Po dohadoch, \u010di sa m\u00e1 kv\u00f4li oprave zostava vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do haly VAB alebo nie, NASA napokon zvolila variant opravy priamo na \u0161tartovacej rampe. Za t\u00fdmto \u00fa\u010delom bola okolo miesta opravy vybudovan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 ob\u00e1lka, ktor\u00e1 hardware chr\u00e1nila pred po\u010das\u00edm. 21. septembra NASA vykonala \u010fal\u0161iu sk\u00fa\u0161ku tankovania SLS, aby overila \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165 opravy dielu, cez ktor\u00fd sa nap\u00fa\u0161\u0165a palivo do rakety. Po\u010das sk\u00fa\u0161ky sa znova objavil \u00fanik vod\u00edka na rovnakom mieste ako predt\u00fdm. Probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak nebol z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu staros\u0165 robilo zainteresovan\u00fdm po\u010dasie. Z d\u00f4vodu bl\u00ed\u017eiacej sa tropickej b\u00farky napokon 26. septembra NASA zru\u0161ila aj tret\u00ed pokus o premi\u00e9rov\u00fd \u0161tart rakety SLS k Mesiacu. Z technick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska pritom pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu \u0161tartu v de\u0148 27. septembra 2022 ni\u010d nebr\u00e1nilo. Kv\u00f4li prudk\u00e9mu vetru sa ale zostava namiesto do vesm\u00edru vydala nasp\u00e4\u0165 do haly VAB.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. okt\u00f3bra NASA potvrdila, \u017ee k \u010fal\u0161iemu pokusu o premi\u00e9rov\u00fd \u0161tart SLS s kozmickou lo\u010fou Orion d\u00f4jde 14. novembra. 4. novembra sa zostava presunula nasp\u00e4\u0165 na \u0161tartovaciu rampu. Bl\u00ed\u017eila sa v\u0161ak \u010fal\u0161ia tropick\u00e1 b\u00farka, term\u00edn \u0161tartu sa teda presunul o\u00a0dva dni. 14. novembra v\u00a0\u010dase 7:54 SE\u010c sa za\u010dalo ofici\u00e1lne odpo\u010d\u00edtavanie pred \u0161tartom, ktor\u00fd mal prebehn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00a0rann\u00fdch stredoeur\u00f3pskeho \u010dasu hodin\u00e1ch (V USA bola v\u00a0tom \u010dase e\u0161te noc).<\/p>\n<h2>Priebeh letu<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0160tart<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">16. novembra 2022 sa \u013eudia po zhruba polroku odkladov kone\u010dne do\u010dkali. Raketa bola naplnen\u00e1 pohonn\u00fdmi hmotami a okysli\u010dovadlom. Objavilo sa zop\u00e1r men\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Napriek zhruba tri\u0161tvrtehodinov\u00e9mu zdr\u017eaniu oproti prv\u00e9mu mo\u017en\u00e9mu \u010dasu vzletu SLS napokon v \u010dase 06:47 UT \u00faspe\u0161ne od\u0161tartovala. Ako aj pri programe Apollo, aj tu vyniesla raketa svoj n\u00e1klad najprv na n\u00edzku, tzv. parkovaciu obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu okolo Zeme a horn\u00fd stupe\u0148 zostal pripojen\u00fd k n\u00e1kladu. Na rozdiel od programu Apollo v\u0161ak nov\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1 lo\u010f Orion roztvorila svoje sol\u00e1rne panely (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=5215\">Apollo<\/a> ich nemalo).<\/p>\n<h3>Po opusten\u00ed zemskej orbity<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_8757\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_Earth_art001e000095.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8757\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_Earth_art001e000095-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_Earth_art001e000095-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_Earth_art001e000095-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_Earth_art001e000095.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kozmick\u00e1 lo\u010f Orion so vz\u010fa\u013euj\u00facou sa Zemou v pozad\u00ed nasn\u00edman\u00e1 16. novembra. Zdroj: NASA\/JSC<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">U\u017e 1,5 hodiny po \u0161tarte (pribli\u017ene po dvoch obehoch okolo Zeme) sa horn\u00fd stupe\u0148 rakety za\u017eihol, aby nasmeroval zostavu k Mesiacu. Potom sa raketov\u00fd stupe\u0148 oddelil od kozmickej lode a vykonal \u00fahybn\u00fd man\u00e9ver. Pri poslednom z\u00e1\u017eihu sa nasmeroval na obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu okolo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=2887\">Slnka<\/a>. Po\u010das letu k Mesiacu prebehla komplexn\u00e1 kontrola v\u0161etk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, kalibr\u00e1cia optick\u00e9ho naviga\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a v\u0161etk\u00fdch kamier a korekcie dr\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Misia Artemis 1 okrem kozmickej lode Orion vyniesla ako druhotn\u00fd n\u00e1klad tie\u017e desa\u0165 mal\u00fdch dru\u017e\u00edc typu CubeSat. Tie boli umiestnen\u00e9 pod Orionom, v adapt\u00e9ri, \u010di\u017ee zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1ja kozmick\u00fa lo\u010f s jej raketou. Po uvo\u013enen\u00ed CubeSatov sa v\u0161ak polovica z nich pot\u00fdkala s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi \u010di men\u0161\u00edmi probl\u00e9mami a sign\u00e1l jedn\u00e9ho z nich sa nepodarilo zachyti\u0165 v\u00f4bec.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na palube Orionu sa nach\u00e1dzali tri figur\u00edny, jedna oble\u010den\u00e1 v skafandri, \u010fal\u0161ie dve figur\u00edny v tvare torz \u017eensk\u00e9ho tela. Nes\u00fa men\u00e1 Helga a Zohar, pri\u010dom Zohar m\u00e1 na sebe \u0161peci\u00e1lnu ochrann\u00fa vestu proti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=7197\">radi\u00e1cii<\/a>. V\u0161etky tri figur\u00edny boli pln\u00e9 senzorov, ktor\u00e9 mali prinies\u0165 \u010do najvernej\u0161iu predstavu o tom, ak\u00fd dopad by t\u00e1to misia mala na zdravie \u013eudskej pos\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po trojd\u0148ovom lete, ktor\u00fd dokumentovali kamery na koncoch sol\u00e1rnych panelov Orionu, vst\u00fapila kozmick\u00e1 lo\u010f do Hillovej sf\u00e9ry Mesiaca. 21. novembra sa lo\u010f motorick\u00fdm man\u00e9vrom naviedla na orbitu okolo Mesiaca. Prechod na obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu okolo na\u0161ej jedinej <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=7258\">prirodzenej dru\u017eice<\/a> bol spojen\u00fd s tesn\u00fdm preletom len 130 km nad jej povrchom. Ukotvenie na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he prebehlo v\u010faka 2,5-min\u00fatov\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u017eihu hlavn\u00e9ho motora umiestnen\u00e9ho na jej servisnom module. Tak ako aj \u0161tartovacie motory misie Artemis 1, aj tento motor poch\u00e1dza z raketopl\u00e1nov. Ako ich s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 absolvoval dokonca 19 misi\u00ed do vesm\u00edru, prv\u00fa u\u017e v roku 1984. Let Artemis 1 bol v\u0161ak jeho posledn\u00fdm, lebo na rozdiel od n\u00e1vratovej kab\u00edny sa servisn\u00fd modul, rovnako ako v programe Apollo, opakovane nepou\u017e\u00edva. Pri n\u00e1vrate Orionu zhorel v zemskej atmosf\u00e9re.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8759\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Inside_Orion_with_Callisto_art001e000192.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8759\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Inside_Orion_with_Callisto_art001e000192-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Inside_Orion_with_Callisto_art001e000192-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Inside_Orion_with_Callisto_art001e000192-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Inside_Orion_with_Callisto_art001e000192.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poh\u013ead do vn\u00fatra kozmickej lode Orion po\u010das letu k Mesiacu. V z\u00e1bere vidie\u0165 jednu z troch figur\u00edn astronautov. NASA\/JSC<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8758\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_the_Moon_art001e000269.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8758\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_the_Moon_art001e000269-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_the_Moon_art001e000269-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_the_Moon_art001e000269-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Orion_and_the_Moon_art001e000269.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kozmick\u00e1 lo\u010f Orion po pribl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sa k Mesiacu. Zdroj: NASA\/JSC<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8762\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/52557349541_4ff1f090b0_k.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8762\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/52557349541_4ff1f090b0_k-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/52557349541_4ff1f090b0_k-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/52557349541_4ff1f090b0_k-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/52557349541_4ff1f090b0_k-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/52557349541_4ff1f090b0_k.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">N\u00e1vratov\u00e1 kab\u00edna kles\u00e1 na pad\u00e1koch do oce\u00e1nu. Zdroj: NASA<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_8763\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/992.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8763\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/992-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/992-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/992-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/992.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kab\u00edna Artemis 1 po prist\u00e1t\u00ed. Bal\u00f3ny v jej vrchnej \u010dasti mali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 v pr\u00edpade hrozby prevr\u00e1tenia sa kab\u00edny na jej udr\u017eanie v spr\u00e1vnej polohe. Zdroj: NASA<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obe\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha bola retrogr\u00e1dna, a napriek po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9mu tesn\u00e9mu pribl\u00ed\u017eeniu\u00a0k mesa\u010dn\u00e9mu povrchu, aj zna\u010dne vzdialen\u00e1. Druh\u00fd nav\u00e1dzac\u00ed man\u00e9ver na t\u00fato dr\u00e1hu prebehol 25. novembra. Na tejto dr\u00e1he lo\u010f zotrvala a\u017e do 1. decembra a urobila nejak\u00e9 sn\u00edmky odvr\u00e1tenej strany Mesiaca. Vtedy vykonala prv\u00fd z man\u00e9vrov na opustenie orbity, druh\u00fd prebehol 5. decembra. Po prvom z t\u00fdchto man\u00e9vrov znova tesne preletela okolo Mesiaca. Na Zemi v tom \u010dase t\u00edmy americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1morn\u00edctva vykonali posledn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku vyzdvihnutia kozmickej lode z oce\u00e1nu na palubu z\u00e1chrannej lode.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. decembra mal Orion probl\u00e9m s rozvodnou jednotkou klimatiz\u00e1cie. Nedo\u0161lo v\u0161ak k preru\u0161eniu nap\u00e1jania \u017eiadnych kritick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Pozemsk\u00e9 t\u00edmy \u00faspe\u0161ne obnovili nap\u00e1janie cel\u00e9ho bloku a syst\u00e9m na\u010falej sledovali. Inak lo\u010f fungovala pod\u013ea predpokladov. Pri man\u00e9vroch dokonca spotrebovala o 68 kg menej paliva, ako sa o\u010dak\u00e1valo, \u010do je ve\u013emi dobr\u00e1 spr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<h3>Prist\u00e1tie<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11. decembra nadi\u0161iel \u010das na prist\u00e1vac\u00ed man\u00e9ver. Ten prebehol bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek probl\u00e9mov. Spr\u00e1vne fungoval tepeln\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt aj dohromady 11 pad\u00e1kov, ktor\u00e9 mali zabezpe\u010di\u0165 m\u00e4kk\u00e9 dosadnutie do v\u00f4d Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Pad\u00e1ky boli v \u0161tyroch rozli\u010dn\u00fdch sad\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom posledn\u00e1 z nich obsahovala tri pad\u00e1ky, ka\u017ed\u00fd s priemerom 35 metrov. Kab\u00edna dosadla v \u010dase 18:40 SE\u010c po misii trvaj\u00facej 25 dn\u00ed, 10 hod\u00edn, 53 min\u00fat a 46 sek\u00fand. Po nieko\u013ekohodinovom odklade, ktor\u00fd bol s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pozorovania, ako kozmick\u00e1 lo\u010f chladne, sa k n\u00e1vratov\u00e9mu modulu pribl\u00ed\u017eili experti na \u010dlnoch. Kab\u00edna bola nalo\u017een\u00e1 na lo\u010f USS Portland a dopraven\u00e1 na pevninu.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00edpravy na Artemis 2<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V dobe prist\u00e1tia u\u017e prebiehali intenz\u00edvne pr\u00edpravy na nasleduj\u00facu misiu Artemis 2. Z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 by sa jej mala a\u017e \u0161tvor\u010dlenn\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka (o jedn\u00e9ho \u010dlena viac ako v programe Apollo). Jej men\u00e1 v \u010dase prist\u00e1tia Artemis 1 e\u0161te neboli vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9, vedelo sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee bude zlo\u017een\u00e1 z troch Ameri\u010danov a jedn\u00e9ho Kana\u010fana. Ten sa stane prv\u00fdm \u010dlovekom inej ako americkej n\u00e1rodnosti, ktor\u00fd oblet\u00ed Mesiac. Cel\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka urob\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 rekord v najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om vzdialen\u00ed sa od Zeme, ak\u00fa kedy \u010dlovek dosiahol. Op\u00e4\u0165 p\u00f4jde len o oblet Mesiaca a misia bude ma\u0165 krat\u0161ie trvanie ako Artemis 1, iba 10 dn\u00ed. Od tretej misie programu Artemis sa za\u010dne prist\u00e1va\u0165 na mesa\u010dnom povrchu. V pos\u00e1dkach prist\u00e1vac\u00edch modulov sa \u010dasom tie\u017e zjavia in\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti. Prv\u00fdm neameri\u010danom na povrchu Mesiaca bude pravdepodobne Japonec.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Motory SRB pre nasleduj\u00faci \u0161tart u\u017e boli zostaven\u00e9 aj naplnen\u00e9 svoj\u00edm tuh\u00fdm, dlhodobo skladovate\u013en\u00fdm palivom. Centr\u00e1lny stupe\u0148 rakety SLS bol tesne pred dokon\u010den\u00edm. \u010cakalo sa v\u0161ak e\u0161te na niektor\u00e9 diely z prist\u00e1vacieho modulu, aby sa zrecyklovali. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie pr\u00e1ce \u010dakali aj \u0161tartovac\u00ed komplex. Mobiln\u00e1 vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acia plo\u0161ina, z ktorej prebehol prv\u00fd \u0161tart, prech\u00e1dzala v hale VAB kontrolami a \u00fapravami. S misiou Artemis 2 sa vtedy po\u010d\u00edtalo v roku 2024, nesk\u00f4r bola prelo\u017een\u00e1 na nasleduj\u00faci rok.<\/p>\n<h2>Mohlo by v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma\u0165<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=2331\">Kozmick\u00fd let<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=6138\">Program Mercury<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8654\">Program Gemini<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=403\">Program Space Shuttle<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artemis 1\u00a0 bol bezpilotn\u00fd sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd let kozmickej lode Orion k Mesiacu. I\u0161lo o \u0161tart novej, zatia\u013e v kozme neodsk\u00fa\u0161anej rakety SLS, najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ej nosnej rakety s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Bola to prv\u00e1 misia kozmick\u00e9ho programu Artemis, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je tentoraz u\u017e dlhodobej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrat \u013eud\u00ed na Mesiac. Prebehla \u00faspe\u0161ne a otvorila tak cestu k pilotovan\u00fdm letom. Hoci misia bola prezentovan\u00e1<span class=\"more-excerpt\"><a class=\"more-excerpt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=8764\"> (pokra&#269;ova&#357; v &#269;&iacute;tan&iacute;&#8230;)  <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6786,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8764"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8764"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8772,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8764\/revisions\/8772"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}