{"id":902,"date":"2014-09-16T12:55:52","date_gmt":"2014-09-16T10:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=902"},"modified":"2014-09-16T12:56:08","modified_gmt":"2014-09-16T10:56:08","slug":"columbia-accident-investigation-board","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=902","title":{"rendered":"Columbia Accident Investigation Board"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"male2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board&amp;oldid=5854347\" target=\"_blank\">Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t publikovan\u00e9 na slovenskej Wikip\u00e9dii<\/a>. Autor: Jana Plauchov\u00e1 ako Eryn Blaireov\u00e1. Spoluautori: Vasi\u013e (oprava preklepu), Pokus9999 (oprava slova), Vegetator (oprava preklepov)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"male2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Text je dostupn\u00fd pod <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0<\/a> a <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/copyleft\/fdl.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">GFDL<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_905\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Apollo_1_Challenger_Columbia_memorial_emblem.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-905\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Apollo_1_Challenger_Columbia_memorial_emblem-300x291.jpg\" alt=\"Pam\u00e4tn\u00fd embl\u00e9m zjednocuj\u00faci prvky embl\u00e9mov v\u0161etk\u00fdch kozmick\u00fdch misi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 skon\u010dili trag\u00e9diou\" width=\"300\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Apollo_1_Challenger_Columbia_memorial_emblem-300x291.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Apollo_1_Challenger_Columbia_memorial_emblem.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pam\u00e4tn\u00fd embl\u00e9m zjednocuj\u00faci prvky embl\u00e9mov v\u0161etk\u00fdch kozmick\u00fdch misi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 skon\u010dili trag\u00e9diou<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_906\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1280px-Crouch_and_Gehman.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-906\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1280px-Crouch_and_Gehman-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Admir\u00e1l Harold W. Gehram (v\u013eavo) s gener\u00e1lom William W. Crouchom (vpravo)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1280px-Crouch_and_Gehman-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1280px-Crouch_and_Gehman.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Admir\u00e1l Harold W. Gehram (v\u013eavo) s gener\u00e1lom William W. Crouchom (vpravo)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_907\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 263px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/800px-Wfm_Widnall_se1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-907\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/800px-Wfm_Widnall_se1-263x300.jpg\" alt=\"Sheila E. Widnallov\u00e1\" width=\"263\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/800px-Wfm_Widnall_se1-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/800px-Wfm_Widnall_se1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheila E. Widnallov\u00e1<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_908\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 250px\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/SallyRide.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-908\" src=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/SallyRide-250x300.jpeg\" alt=\"Sally Rideov\u00e1\" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/SallyRide-250x300.jpeg 250w, https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/SallyRide.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sally Rideov\u00e1<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Columbia Accident Investigation Board<\/strong> (v preklade komisia pre vy\u0161etrovanie nehody Columbie, skr\u00e1tene CAIB) bola komisia, ktor\u00e1 vy\u0161etrovala pr\u00ed\u010diny <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=756\">hav\u00e1rie raketopl\u00e1nu Columbia<\/a>. T\u00e1to komisia bola zostaven\u00e1 2. febru\u00e1ra 2003 (druh\u00fd de\u0148 po katastrofe) a vypracovala pl\u00e1n mo\u017en\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov a pr\u00ed\u010din hav\u00e1rie raketopl\u00e1nu obsahuj\u00faci takmer 3 200 bodov. Na \u010dele komisie st\u00e1l Harold W. Gehram, admir\u00e1l n\u00e1morn\u00edctva, ktor\u00fd viedol u\u017e nieko\u013eko vy\u0161etrovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prv\u00ed \u010dlenovia komisie boli vymenovan\u00ed u\u017e v de\u0148 hav\u00e1rie. Komisia sa spo\u010diatku naz\u00fdvala International Space Station and Space Shuttle Mishap Interagency Investigation Board, Mezirezortn\u00e1 vy\u0161etrovacia komisia pre hav\u00e1rie Medzin\u00e1rodnej kozmickej stanice a raketopl\u00e1nov. Admir\u00e1l Gehman navrhol, aby sa jeho komisia premenovala na Columbia Accident Investigation Board, skr\u00e1tene CAIB. 2. febru\u00e1ra \u010dlenovia komisie prilietali s\u00fakromn\u00fdmi lietadlami na z\u00e1klad\u0148u letectva Barksdale v Louisiane. V tento de\u0148 sa uskuto\u010dnilo tie\u017e prv\u00e9 zasadanie komisie. Vy\u0161etrovanie sa za\u010dalo 3. febru\u00e1ra. 6. febru\u00e1ra sa komisia premiestnila do Johnsonovho kozmick\u00e9ho strediska v Houstone.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010clenovia komisie<\/h2>\n<h3>P\u00f4vodn\u00ed \u010dlenovia<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Stephen A. Turcotte \u2013 veliaci d\u00f4stojn\u00edk U. S. Naval Safety Center<\/li>\n<li>John L. Barry \u2013 riadite\u013e odboru pl\u00e1novania a programov, Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command<\/li>\n<li>Kenneth W. Hess \u2013 ved\u00faci odboru bezpe\u010dnosti USAF<\/li>\n<li>James M. Hallock \u2013 ved\u00faci odboru bezpe\u010dnosti leteckej dopravy pri Ministerstve dopravy<\/li>\n<li>Steven B. Wallace \u2013 riadite\u013e odboru vy\u0161etrovania leteck\u00fdch neh\u00f4d Federal Aviation Administration<\/li>\n<li>Duane W. Deal \u2013 velite\u013e 21. kozmick\u00e9ho kr\u00eddla<\/li>\n<li>Scott Hubbard \u2013 riadite\u013e Ames Research Center<\/li>\n<li>Bryan D. O&#8217;Connor \u2013 b\u00fdval\u00fd astronaut<\/li>\n<li>Theron M. Bradley \u2013 hlavn\u00fd in\u017einier NASA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenovia<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Sheila E. Widnallov\u00e1, v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka a profesorka Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n<li>Douglas Osheroff, laure\u00e1t Nobelovej ceny za fyziku v roku 1996 a profesor na Stanfordovej univerzite<\/li>\n<li>Sally Rideov\u00e1, b\u00fdval\u00e1 astronautka a riadite\u013eka California Space Institute<\/li>\n<li>John Logsdon, riadite\u013e Space Policy Institute<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prvou komisiou zostavenou hne\u010f po hav\u00e1rii bola MIT (Mishap Investigation Team), ktor\u00fa zostavil Sean O\u2019Keefe, vtedaj\u0161\u00ed riadite\u013e NASA. Nesk\u00f4r, po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce CAIB, bola t\u00e1to komisia rozpusten\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2>Priebeh vy\u0161etrovania<\/h2>\n<h3>Skupiny<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po\u010das prv\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a rozdelil Gehman \u010dlenov CAIB do \u0161tyroch pracovn\u00fdch skup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 poveril \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi \u00falohami. Prv\u00e1 skupina sa zaberala organiz\u00e1ciou NASA, postupmi mana\u017e\u00e9rov, organiz\u00e1ciou \u00fadr\u017eby a intern\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi postupmi. Druh\u00e1 mala sk\u00fama\u0165 pr\u00edpravu astronautov na let a \u010dinnos\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov riadiaceho strediska a podporn\u00fdch expertn\u00fdch skup\u00edn v priebehu letu. Tretia skupina mala na starosti vyhodnocovanie n\u00e1jden\u00fdch trosiek Columbie. \u0160tvrt\u00e1 skupina sa zaoberala hist\u00f3riou NASA, vn\u00fatornou \u0161trukt\u00farou agent\u00fary, jej zvykmi a dopadmi t\u00fdchto okolnost\u00ed na udalosti okolo hav\u00e1rie Columbie. Gehram tie\u017e vytvoril vlastn\u00fa nez\u00e1visl\u00fa expertn\u00fa technick\u00fa skupinu, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00famala \u00fadaje kozmickej agent\u00fary NASA, preto\u017ee nemohol \u00faplne d\u00f4verova\u0165 internej pracovnej skupine MIT agent\u00fary.<\/p>\n<h3>Vy\u0161etrovanie<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vy\u0161etrovacia komisia sa s\u00fastredila na dva k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zdroje inform\u00e1ci\u00ed: \u00dadaje v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch riadiaceho strediska a sk\u00famanie zhroma\u017eden\u00fdch trosiek. Komisia \u0161tudovala tie\u017e z\u00e1znam r\u00e1dioloka\u010dn\u00fdch sledovan\u00ed, z\u00e1znamy telemetrie a z\u00e1znamy hovorov s pos\u00e1dkou. Na z\u00e1klade \u00fadajov z telemetrie sa p\u00e1tranie na trosk\u00e1ch postupne z\u00fa\u017eilo na h\u013eadanie po\u0161kodenia na n\u00e1be\u017enej hrane kr\u00eddla. Po n\u00e1jden\u00ed d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamn\u00edku OEX (Orbiter Experiment Support System), ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dzal na palube orbitera a zaznamen\u00e1val niektor\u00e9 \u00fadaje a\u017e do okamihu katastrofy, sa expertom podarilo lokalizova\u0165 presn\u00e9 miesto prvotn\u00e9ho po\u0161kodenia. Technici NASA na \u017eiados\u0165 CAIB vyrobili model n\u00e1be\u017enej hrany zo skuto\u010dn\u00fdch panelov RCC odmontovan\u00fdch z in\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu a odoslali ho v j\u00fani do Severoz\u00e1padn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (SWRI \u2013 Southwest Research Institute). Tam prebiehali pokusy s ostre\u013eovan\u00edm panelov RCC kusmi izola\u010dnej peny z n\u00e1dr\u017ee ET. 7. j\u00fala pri\u0161iel presved\u010div\u00fd d\u00f4kaz o tom, \u017ee po\u0161kodenie tepelnej ochrany Columbie skuto\u010dne sp\u00f4sobil n\u00e1raz izola\u010dnej peny z ET, \u010do potvrdil aj S. Hubbard. 26. augusta 2003 vydala komisia z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fa spr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n<h2>Odpor\u00fa\u010dania komisie<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CAIB vydala mno\u017estvo odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed zn\u00e1mych ako RTF opatrenia, ktor\u00fdch splnenie bolo podmienkou obnovenia letov raketopl\u00e1nov. Ich celkov\u00fd po\u010det bol 29, tri z nich NASA splnila len \u010diasto\u010dne. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 opatrenia s\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">elimin\u00e1cia odpad\u00e1v\u00e1nia \u010dast\u00edc z n\u00e1dr\u017ee ET pri \u0161tarte (ohrieva\u010de, vy\u0161\u0161ia kvalita izola\u010dnej peny)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">spevnenie tepelnej ochrany <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=468\">dru\u017eicov\u00e9ho stup\u0148a raketopl\u00e1nu<\/a> (dodato\u010dn\u00e1 ochrana n\u00e1be\u017enej hrany kr\u00eddla, \u00faprava krytu podvozku, predn\u00fdch RCS a bo\u010dn\u00fdch okien) \u2013 t\u00e1to po\u017eiadavka kv\u00f4li pr\u00edli\u0161nej technickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti nebola splnen\u00e1<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">dokonalej\u0161ie zis\u0165ovanie pr\u00edpadn\u00e9ho po\u0161kodenia (detailn\u00e9 sledovanie a sn\u00edmkovanie pri vzlete aj na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">mo\u017enos\u0165 opravy tepeln\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtu priamo na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">vyu\u017eitie Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanice (ISS) ako n\u00fadzov\u00e9ho pr\u00edstavu pre pos\u00e1dku i orbiter<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">pr\u00edprava druh\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu na pr\u00edpadn\u00fa z\u00e1chrann\u00fa oper\u00e1ciu do 6 a\u017e 9 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov v z\u00e1vislosti od stavu ISS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pozri aj<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-107\" target=\"_blank\">STS-107<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hav%C3%A1ria_raketopl%C3%A1nu_Columbia\" target=\"_blank\">Hav\u00e1ria raketopl\u00e1nu Columbia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_External_Tank\" target=\"_blank\">Space Shuttle External Tank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dru%C5%BEicov%C3%BD_stupe%C5%88_raketopl%C3%A1nu\" target=\"_blank\">Dru\u017eicov\u00fd stupe\u0148 raketopl\u00e1nu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-114\" target=\"_blank\">STS-114<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Zdroje<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mek.kosmo.cz\/pil_lety\/usa\/sts\/sts-114\/upravy.htm\" target=\"_blank\">S\u00fahrn RTF opatren\u00ed v MEK (po \u010desky)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/technet.idnes.cz\/havarie-columbie-exkluzivni-serial-o-dobyvani-kosmu-f9y-\/tec_vesmir.aspx?c=A080122_234654_tec_vesmir_vse\" target=\"_blank\">Anton\u00edn V\u00edtek, Karel Pacner: Hav\u00e1ria Columbie. Exkluz\u00edvni seri\u00e1l o dob\u00fdvan\u00ed kozmu (po \u010desky)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Extern\u00e9 odkazy<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/anon.nasa-global.speedera.net\/anon.nasa-global\/CAIB\/CAIB_lowres_full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Spr\u00e1va vy\u0161etrovacej komisie CAIB (po anglicky)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t publikovan\u00e9 na slovenskej Wikip\u00e9dii. Autor: Jana Plauchov\u00e1 ako Eryn Blaireov\u00e1. Spoluautori: Vasi\u013e (oprava preklepu), Pokus9999 (oprava slova), Vegetator (oprava preklepov) Text je dostupn\u00fd pod Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 a GFDL. &nbsp; Columbia Accident Investigation Board (v preklade komisia pre vy\u0161etrovanie nehody Columbie, skr\u00e1tene CAIB) bola komisia, ktor\u00e1 vy\u0161etrovala pr\u00ed\u010diny hav\u00e1rie raketopl\u00e1nu Columbia. T\u00e1to<span class=\"more-excerpt\"><a class=\"more-excerpt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/?page_id=902\"> (pokra&#269;ova&#357; v &#269;&iacute;tan&iacute;&#8230;)  <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":677,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/902"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=902"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":912,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/902\/revisions\/912"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adhara.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}